The powerful elites could not be expected to voluntarily give up control. Moreover, the problems of industrial society, such as the poverty Engels described in The Condition of the English Working Class (1844), are inherent in capitalism. The bourgeoisie, who own the factories and businesses, profit from the labor of the proletariat-at the proletariat’s expense. The interests of the two classes are in conflict. Communism posits that industrial society is divided into two classes of people: the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (capitalists). The Communist Manifesto argues that the story of history is the story of class struggle. In 1848, he published The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels (1820-1895). By contrast, communist theory holds that change will occur via a proletariat revolution that will abolish private property.Ĭommunism originated with the German philosopher/intellectual Karl Marx (1818-1883). Although there are many versions of socialist philosophy, socialism generally retains private property ownership and calls for gradual political change. However, both communism and socialism share similar understandings of the relationships between economic structures and social conditions, and between the individual and the state. Communism is further left on the political spectrum than socialism. Communism is a specific form of the broader philosophy of socialism.
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